Psychoanalytic theory of human development. A Comparison and Contrast of Freud and Erickson’s Developmental Theories 2019-01-19

Psychoanalytic Theories of Development

In the 'nature v nurture' genes v experience debate, Erikson was firmly focused on nurture and experience. I agree with the first point but accord reservations to the second one Hayes, 1999. Psychoanalysis can help the victim to develop emotional and behavioral strategies to deal with the trauma. Am I okay or naughty? Middle and late adulthood are no longer viewed as irrelevant, because of Erikson, they are now considered active and significant times of personal growth. Democratic government is theoretically based on stage five reasoning. The stages are time related. If denied the opportunity to act on her environment, she may begin to doubt her abilities, which could lead to low self-esteem and feelings of shame.

Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality Development

Successfully passing through each crisis involves 'achieving' a healthy ratio or balance between the two opposing dispositions that represent each crisis. If one person violates a law, perhaps everyone would—thus there is an obligation and a duty to uphold laws and rules. Freudian psychosexual stages - overview Erikson's psychosocial crisis stages age guide 1. Even though these theories differ they all contain the same basic assumptions. Erikson's first psychosocial crisis occurs during the first year or so of life like Freud's oral stage of psychosexual development. For example, anxiety originating from traumatic experiences in a person's past is hidden from consciousness, and may cause problems during adulthood in the form of neuroses.

The Freudian Theory of Personality

People now believe that some laws are unjust and should be changed or eliminated. Those who do not master this task may experience stagnation and feel as though they are not leaving a mark on the world in a meaningful way; they may have little connection with others and little interest in productivity and self-improvement. If you have ever wondered about what motivates human thought and behavior, understanding these theories can provide useful insight into individuals and society. All refer to the same eight stages psychosocial theory, it being Erikson's most distinct work and remarkable model. In one situation, the wire mother held a bottle with food and the cloth mother held no food; in the other, the cloth mother held the bottle and the wire mother had nothing. These stages, however, can be resolved successfully at a later time.

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

Children begin to behave in morally acceptable ways and adopt the values of their parents and other important adults. It's the development of competence and skills, and a confidence to use a 'method', and is a crucial aspect of school years experience. The child now feels the need to win approval by demonstrating specific competencies that are valued by society and begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments. Erikson was keen to point out that the transition between stages is 'overlapping'. These individuals may feel disconnected or uninvolved with their community and with society as a whole. In this respect Erikson's theory goes a long way to explaining why too much of anything is not helpful for developing a well-balanced personality. While the theory is well-known in psychology, it is also one of the most controversial theories.

Erik Erikson

Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community, or religious groups. In some ways the development actually peaks at stage seven, since stage eight is more about taking stock and coming to terms with how one has made use of life, and ideally preparing to leave it feeling at peace. The challenges of psychoanalytic developmental theory. According to his theory, these parts become unified as a child works through the five stages of psychosexual development. His alternative rearing technique, also called maternal deprivation, is considered highly controversial today. Freud's theory also stressed the importance of early experiences on development. Inferiority During the elementary school stage ages 6—12 , children face the task of industry vs.

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

Attachment in infants is primarily a process of proximity-seeking to an identified attachment figure in situations of perceived distress or alarm for the purpose of survival. Cognitive development involves changes in cognitive process and abilities. During this period, we begin to share ourselves more intimately with others. Most of this conflict occurs in unconscious, which is outside the knowledge of an individual. This prevents threatening unconscious thoughts and material from entering the consciousness.

Psychoanalytic Theory & Approaches

Freud's theory is good at explaining but not at predicting behavior which is one of the goals of. Erikson was keen to improve the way children and young people are taught and nurtured, and it would be appropriate for his ideas to be more widely known and used in day-to-day life, beyond the clinical and counselling professions. Later Erikson dropped the word 'Ego' from 'Ego Integrity' and extended the whole term to 'Integrity v Disgust and Despair'. However, complete attachment has not yet occurred, so the baby is still comfortable being left with an unfamiliar person. Karen Horney Karen Horney was one of the first women trained as a Freudian psychoanalyst. Rather than Erikson focusing on sexual interest as a driving force in development, he believed that social interaction and experience played a decisive role.

Freud's 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development

Intimacy means the process of achieving relationships with family and marital or mating partner s. Psychosexual Stages Freud believed that a single organ or body part is more sensitive to sexual stimulation at a particular stage in a child’s complete development cycle. Some theorists have speculated that many people may never reach this level of abstract moral reasoning. Stage four 'Industry versus Inferiority' is a little trickier. Dreamwork involves the process of condensation, displacement, and secondary elaboration. Freud is considered a philosopher in some areas, and other philosophers, such as , , and have written extensively on how psychoanalysis informs philosophical analysis.

Freud's 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development

These other theorists became known as Neo-Freudians. The linking between the stages is perhaps clearer here than anywhere: people are more likely to look back on their lives positively and happily if they have left the world a better place than they found it - in whatever way, to whatever extent. Satisfying these lower-level needs is important in order to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences. Review of General Psychology, 5 2 , 100. The reality principle is the idea that the desires of the id must be satisfied in a method that is both socially appropriate and realistic.

Psychoanalytic Theories of Development

Some of the crisis stages are easier to understand than others. In the end, even in the situations in which the wire mother had food and the cloth mother had none, the baby monkeys preferred to cling to the cloth mother for comfort. Her colleague Mary Main later identified a fourth type, called disorganized attachment. Theories on development to make sense of such…. These theories allow for a different point of view on development while regarding relative influence of nature and nurture.